Essay
As large language models become strategic infrastructure, sovereignty turns dependency, jurisdiction, and control into forces that shape competition.
Essay
Large language models are evolving along two economic trajectories: attention capture and intent execution.
Essay
Local models become competitively viable when remaining performance gaps fall below practical perception.
Essay
Skill-forming and fact-forming data drive different kinds of model progress and are often mistaken for one another.
Essay
Technical improvements stop producing advantage once users can no longer perceive the difference.
Essay
Early infrastructure advantage can flip into a liability when cost curves collapse faster than capital amortization.
Essay
AI competition is not one race but many layered domains with different constraints and timelines.
